hyperinflation

In Yugoslavia in 1993 prices rose 20% a day. In Zimbabwe in 2008, inflation reached 231,000,000%. Our cartoonist KAL looks at how hyperinflation can lead to the collapse of a country's economy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperinflation

 在經濟學上，惡性通貨膨脹是一種不能控制的通貨膨脹，在物價很快地上漲的情況下，就使貨幣失去價值。惡性通貨膨脹沒有一個普遍公認的標準界定。一般界定為每月通貨膨脹50%或更多，但很多時在寬鬆上使用的比率會更低。多數的經濟學家認為的定義為「一個沒有任何平衡趨勢的通貨膨脹循環」。當越來越多的通膨現象隨著週期反覆發生會產生惡性循環。有關惡性通膨的肇因雖有很多爭議，可是當貨幣供給有異常的增加或錢幣大幅的貶值，且常與戰爭（或戰後）、經濟蕭條、及政治或社會動盪聯繫在一起時，惡性通膨便日益明顯。

Definition[edit]

Sweeping up the banknotes from the street after the Hungarian pengő was replaced in 1946.

In 1956, Phillip Cagan wrote The Monetary Dynamics of Hyperinflation, the book often regarded as the first serious study of hyperinflation and its effects^[4] (though The Economics of Inflation by C. Bresciani-Turroni on the German hyperinflation was published in Italian in 1931^[5]). In his book, Cagan defined a hyperinflationary episode as starting in the month that the monthly inflation rate exceeds 50%, and as ending when the monthly inflation rate drops below 50% and stays that way for at least a year.^[6] Economists usually follow Cagan’s description that hyperinflation occurs when the monthly inflation rate exceeds 50%.^[4]