2017年3月26日 星期日

Neurasthenia, Phone Romeos

India's booming mobile phone market has led to more men dialling random numbers until they find a girl. 📻
neurasthenia
ˌnjʊərəsˈθiːnɪə/
noun
dated
  1. an ill-defined medical condition characterized by lassitude, fatigue, headache, and irritability, associated chiefly with emotional disturbance.


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Neurasthenia
Classification and external resources
Specialty psychiatry
ICD-10 F48.0
ICD-9-CM 300.5
MeSH D009440
[edit on Wikidata]
Neurasthenia is a term that was first used at least as early as 1829 to label a mechanical weakness of the actual nerves, rather than the more metaphorical "nerves" referred to by George Miller Beard later.

As a psychopathological term, neurasthenia was used by Beard in 1869[1] to denote a condition with symptoms of fatigue, anxiety, headache, heart palpitations, high blood pressure, neuralgia and depressed mood.

Neurasthenia is currently a diagnosis in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases (and the Chinese Society of Psychiatry's Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders). However, it is no longer included as a diagnosis in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Americans were said to be particularly prone to neurasthenia, which resulted in the nickname "Americanitis"[2] (popularized by William James[3]). Another, rarely used, term for neurasthenia is nervosism.[4]

神經衰弱是一個在20世紀初受當時的西方醫學影響而傳入中國的術語[1],用以表示人體神經實際上的機械性衰弱。其英語「Neurasthenia」在早至1829年就有使用,且它不是後來的神經病學家喬治·米勒·比爾德( George Miller Beard )所使用的「神經質」(nerves),當中「神經質」較為隱喻。
神經衰弱在1869年首次用作精神病理學上的術語,其亦是由比爾德開創此一先例[2]。用以表示一種疾病,當中症狀包括疲勞、焦慮、頭痛、心悸,高血壓、神經痛,以及抑鬱。
神經衰弱目前仍是世界衛生組織ICD-10及中華醫學會精神病學分會的CCMD-3的一項診斷項目。但它不再包含於美國精神醫學學會的DSM中。
美國人被認為特別容易發生神經衰弱,為此人們為起美國人了一個別名——「Americanitis」(由威廉·詹姆斯推廣[3]

2017年3月24日 星期五

“Blue lies", white lie



white lie
noun
  1. a harmless or trivial lie, especially one told to avoid hurting someone's feelings.

    "when I was young, I told little white lies"

Urban Dictionary: white lie

www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=white%20lie
"I only view you as a friend." is a common white lie. It usually means 'I don't like you and don't want anything to do with you'. "I love you too" can also be a white ...



 “Blue lies",

The present study examined the developmental origin of 'blue lies', a pervasive form of lying in the adult world that is told purportedly to benefit a collective.

Lying in the name of the collective good - NCBI - NIH

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2570108/


Scientific American
“Blue lies" is a psychologist’s term for falsehoods, told on behalf of a group, that can actually strengthen the bonds among the members of that group.


They’re a very particular form of deception that can build solidarity within groups
BLOGS.SCIENTIFICAMERICAN.COM

2017年3月18日 星期六

‘Spocking:Bank of Canada urges ‘Star Trek’ fans to stop ‘Spocking’ their fivers

Bank of Canada urges ‘Star Trek’ fans to stop ‘Spocking’ their fivers
From the DM archives.
Bank of Canada is pleading with Star Trek fans to stop “Spocking” its five dollar bills. Since Leonard Nimoy’s death, Canadian folks have been…
DANGEROUSMINDS.NET

Spock
Fictional Character
Spock, commonly Mr. Spock, is a fictional character in the Star Trek media franchise. Spock was first portrayed by Leonard Nimoy in the original Star Trek series, and also appears in the animated Star ...Wikipedia

2017年3月14日 星期二

Telemedicine

Telemedicine, predictive diagnostics, wearable sensors and a host of new apps will transform how people manage their health

Telemedicine is the use of telecommunication and information technology to provide clinical health care from a distance. It helps eliminate distance barriers and can improve access to medical services that would often not be consistently available in distant rural communities. It is also used to save lives in critical care and emergency situations.
Although there were distant precursors to telemedicine, it is essentially a product of 20th century telecommunication and information technologies. These technologies permit communications between patient and medical staff with both convenience and fidelity, as well as the transmission of medical, imaging and health informatics data from one site to another.
Early forms of telemedicine achieved with telephone and radio have been supplemented with videotelephony, advanced diagnostic methods supported by distributed client/server applications, and additionally with telemedical devices to support in-home care.[1]

History[edit]

In the early 1900s, people living in remote areas of Australia used two-way radios, powered by a dynamo driven by a set of bicycle pedals, to communicate with the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia.
The first interactive telemedicine system, operating over standard telephone lines, designed to remotely diagnose and treat patients requiring cardiac resuscitation (defibrillation) was developed and launched by an American company, MedPhone Corporation, in 1989. A year later under the leadership of its President/CEO S Eric Wachtel, MedPhone introduced a mobile cellular version, the MDPhone. Twelve hospitals in the U.S. served as receiving and treatment centers.[12]

2017年3月13日 星期一

"Brexodus"

「出英國記」恐將讓英國勞動力大量流失
去年英國公投確定脫歐(Brexit)之後,隨之而來的恐怕是大量歐盟公民遷回歐陸的「出英國記」(Brexodus)。
Exodus 為聖經中的「出埃及記」,摩西帶領長年在埃及被當奴隸的希伯來人,重返上帝應允之地——現今的以色列。而今,這個字被借用引申形容目前英國的勞動市場:英國確定脫歐之後,可能會造成來自歐洲的勞動力因不確定未來的身份居留和工作許可,決定返回歐洲大陸,成為現代版的「出英國記」(Brexodus);另一方面,因為不確定性,也可能讓英國雇主傾向避免雇用歐盟公民。


Many companies, having hoped for the best after the EU referendum last year, are now preparing for the worst


In one survey, more than 25% of employers said their workers from EU…
ECONOMIST.COM

2017年3月8日 星期三

cognitive dissonance



心怀故园,挥拳出击:我在港大学做驻外记者 
周炜乐:初来乍到,我如何向大陆人描述这里发生的一切,才能跨越这些年来身份认知不匹配的沟壑?


認知失調是一個心理學上的名詞,用來描述在同一時間有著兩種相矛盾的想法,因而產生了一種不甚舒適的緊張狀態。更精確一點來說,是兩種認知中所產生的一種不相容的感覺,這裡的「認知」指的是任何一種知識的型式,包含看法情緒信仰,以及行為等。
認知失調理論是費斯汀格在1957年的《認知失調論》一書中提出,只要個人發現到有兩個認知彼此不能調和一致時,就會感覺到心理衝突。因衝突而引起的緊張不安,轉而形成一種內在動機作用,促使個人放棄或改變認知之一,而遷就另一認知,藉以消除衝突,恢復調和一致的心態。
社會心理學家利昂·費斯廷格在1956年首次於其著作《當預言失靈》中提出了此一理論,其觀察幽浮末日教派的成員們對這種反直覺信仰的堅持,以及其領導人的預言失敗後,改信人數的增加。因為地球滅亡的預言失敗,「預期落空」增加了認知間的失調,結果使得大多數沒有心理準備的成員們,為了減緩此一認知失調帶來的緊張感而改去接受新的預言;亦即,外星人已經因為他們而饒恕了這個星球。[1]

認知的不協和(にんちてきふきょうわ、cognitive dissonance)とは、人が自身の中で矛盾する認知を同時に抱えた状態、またそのときに覚える不快感を表す社会心理学用語。アメリカの心理学者レオン・フェスティンガーによって提唱された。人はこれを解消するために、自身の態度や行動を変更すると考えられている。
有名な例として、イソップ物語のキツネとすっぱい葡萄の逸話が知られる。


In psychology, cognitive dissonance is the mental stress (discomfort) experienced by a person who simultaneously holds two or more contradictory beliefsideas, or values, when performing an action that contradicts those beliefs, ideas, and values; or when confronted with new information that contradicts existing beliefs, ideas, and values.[1][2]
Leon Festinger's 1957 theory of cognitive dissonance focuses on how human beings strive for internal consistency. A person who experiences inconsistency tends to become psychologically uncomfortable, and so is motivated to try to reduce the cognitive dissonance occurring, and actively avoids situations and information likely to increase the psychological discomfort.[1]

2017年3月7日 星期二

anglophone

CAMEROON
Anglophone Cameroon marks 50 days without the internet

It's been exactly 50 days since Cameroonian authorities imposed an internet blackout on English-speaking regions in the majority French-speaking nation.
anglophone

ˈaŋɡlə(ʊ)fəʊn/
adjective
  1. 1.
    English-speaking.

    "the population is largely anglophone"
noun
  1. 1.
    an English-speaking person.

anglophone

ADJECTIVE

  • English-speaking.
    ‘the population is largely anglophone’

NOUN

  • An English-speaking person.

Origin

Early 20th century (as a noun; rare before the 1960s): from Anglo- + -phone, on the pattern of francophone.