2016年11月27日 星期日

peak experience 高峰經驗, flow, flow chart, optimal experience


高峰經驗 (文潔華)

人生裏的高峰經驗,遇上了便不枉此生;唯有關經驗,可遇不可求。
心理學家談人生的五層需要,最高層的便是高峰經驗;主要是宗教,但其實還包括美感經驗與愛情。宗教共享上帝與道,但美感經驗與愛情,對象千差萬別。別人嫌棄或狠狠批評的,也會有人鍾情一生。最怕聽見有人幽幽的說:「原來我一生未曾深愛過。」
美感經驗與愛情,放眼凝望,電光火石,靈魂就此投誠,轉過來連自己的存在也動搖了。不論外面的環境有多惡劣,道路險阻漫長,以後的人生不再一樣。
高峰經驗不受時間和空間限囿,那是一份關於震懾、崇高和壯美的記憶。遇上了,只恐怕不再遇上;但最好有所準備,勇往無懼,期待遇上。
其後,才知道生命的豐盛與蒼涼。
(作者是香港浸會大學人文及創作系教授。)

Interest in Johann Sebastian Bach has waxed and waned since his death on July 28th 1750. Sixty years ago, you “had to go to certain churches or special little concerts” if you wanted to hear his music. Better recording techniques since then has allowed Bach to pop up everywhere


Wikipedia 的"高峰經驗"項目,只有英文、荷蘭文、波蘭文、俄文,有點奇怪。
聽巴哈音樂ˇ的經驗,我提過Mary Bateson的書With a Daughter's Eye: A Memoir of Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson (1984),書中記一群知識菁英在奧國某古堡的星夜高塔聽音樂......
當然,我們每人在這輩子,都很可能有自己的高峰經驗......






flow chart 


(also flow diagram)


NOUN

1diagram of the sequence of movements or actions of people or things involved in acomplex system or activity.
1.1graphical representation of a computer program in relation to its sequence of functions (as distinct from the data it processes).
某些心理學家用FLOW
flow = peak experience

Scholarly articles for flow psychology of optimal experience

Optimal experiencePsychological studies of flow in … - Csikszentmihalyi - Cited by 2739
Flow and the psychology of discovery and invention - Csikszentmihalyi - Cited by 8239
Finding flow: The psychology of engagement with … - Csikszentmihalyi - Cited by 3408

每日一詞:Flow | 化境

在西方文化裡,flow指的是一種全身心投入某件工作的忘我狀態。找到你的flow,你就找到了幸福。東方智慧對這個概念並不陌生。莊子把它叫做「用志不分,乃凝於神」。
Flow 作為一個心理學概念,flow被這樣定義:a state of complete immersion in an activity (一種全身心投入某種活動的精神狀態)。提出這個概念的心理學家米哈里·契克森米哈在其著作《Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience》中說,那是一種完全沉浸在某件工作中的狀態,在這種狀態裡,人感到充滿活力,精神高度集中,忘記了自己和周圍一切,並且從這件工作中享受到愉悅。
「Find your flow,」 你會在美國聽到人們這麼說,作為給你的幸福生活建議。
Flow雖然是一個在當代西方文化中十分流行的概念,卻也與古代東方哲學遙相呼應。《莊子》裡面就有很多關於專心致志,臻於化境的故事。在《佝僂丈人承蜩》一則中,一個駝背老人拿著粘竿粘知了,在他專注的時候,即使「天地之大,萬物之多」,都被遺忘,宇宙間再無一物,只有他手裡的粘竿和樹梢的知了。故事的結尾把這種狀態叫做「用志不分,乃凝於神」,和契克森米哈的描述頗為暗合。
也有人把flow的境界與佛教的禪相比較
《紐約時報》文章《史丹佛最火的課程:像設計iPhone那樣設計人生》也討論了flow。史丹佛的兩位教授藉助flow來引導學生規划出美滿、有成就感的人生。他們這樣啟發學生:
「你什麼時候看起來最充滿活力?最投入?」伯內特這樣引導討論組。
「When did you seem the most animated, the most present?」 Mr. Burnett said, by way of guiding the discussion groups.
一個學生這樣分享她的體驗:
「我搞藝術史的時候體會不到物我兩忘,」伊爾庫斯說。「我討厭寫作。」其他人耐心地聽著。「我搞數學的時候才會進入那種狀態」她說。
「I don’t have flow when I’m doing art history,」 Ms. Ilcus said. 「I hate writing.」 The others listened patiently. 「My flow was doing math,」 she said. 
儘管東方智慧對flow並不陌生,但為flow找到一個對應的中文詞彙卻可能不那麼容易。中文網的編輯勉強借用了「禪」,配合概念解釋的辦法,把flow解釋為一種「身與意合,物我兩忘」的狀態。Flow應該怎麼翻譯,你有更好的想法嗎?不妨在下面留言告訴我們,也歡迎給我們的郵箱地址cn.letters@nytimes.com發信。


peak experience


Psychology
NOUN



A momentary awareness of joy or fulfilment, akin to ecstasy and of a higher and different quality from ordinary experience.







Origin

1950s.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
peak experience is a moment accompanied by a euphoric mental state often achieved by self-actualizing individuals.[1] The concept was originally developed by Abraham Maslow in 1964, who describes peak experiences as "rare, exciting, oceanic, deeply moving, exhilarating, elevating experiences that generate an advanced form of perceiving reality, and are even mystic and magical in their effect upon the experimenter."[2][3] There are several unique characteristics of a peak experience, but each element is perceived together in a holistic manner that creates the moment of reaching one’s full potential.[4] Peak experiences can range from simple activities to intense events;[5][6] however, it is not necessarily about what the activity is, but the ecstatic, care-free feeling that is being experienced during it.[7]

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